Nisba de Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Ismāʿīl (260-324/873–935), teólogo fundador del ašʿarīsmo, escuela sunní, cuya característica principal es el uso de la teología dogmática (kalām). The defining characteristic of this school is its use of rational argument to defend the theological positions of the Ahl al-Sunna wa al-jamāʿa and Aṣḥāb al-ḥadīth against the doctrines of the Muʿtazila, which they regarded as bidʿa (innovation), insufficiently grounded in the Qurʾān